介词

介词的分类

介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。

介词分为三种,一种是简单介词,如 at, in, on, beside, to , for 等;另一种是短语介词,即由两个以上的词组组成的短语,in front of, because of, out of, instead 如 of 等;还有一种二重介词,如 until after, from behind 等。


 1.表示时间的介词

(1) in表示“在某一时间段”或“在某一时候”,如用在月、季、年份、时代、世纪等时间名词的前面,或用来泛指一天的某一段时间。in也可以指“在……之后”,表示从说话起的若干时间内。

如: in July/summer/2000/ancient times

The bus will be here in ten minutes.

(2) on表示“在特定的某一天”,也可用于带有修饰语的一天的某个时间段之前。如:on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st

(3) at表示“在某一时间点”,或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。

如:at six o‘clock, at Easter

(4) over, through (out)两者均指“经过的全部时间”。

如:Stay over the Christmas.

(5) for与since:for表示动作或状态延续的全部时间长度,为“长达……”之意;since用于指从过去特定的某个时刻到说话时为止的一段时间;含有since时间短语的句子要用完成时,但含有for时间短语的句子不一定要用完成时。

如:I have been there for six years.

We have not seen each other since 1993.

(6) during指“在……时期/时间内”,必须接表示一段时间的词或词组作宾语。

如:She was ill for a week, and during that week she ate little.


2.表示地点的介词

(1) above, below,over, under,on, on top of, beneath, underneath: above和below分别表示“高于”和“低于”的意思,不一定指垂直方向上的上下;over和under分别表示垂直方向上的上下或高低;on/on top of和beneath/underneath表示“和表面相接触”意义上的上下。以上三组介词互为反义词。

如:The temple stands on top of the hill.

The pen is beneath the book.

There is a lamp on the desk.

(2) at, on, in:at指小地点或集会场合;on表示线或面上的位置;in表示在立体、区域或环境内,特别是那些较大,能够容纳相应事物的环境。

如:He works at Peking University.

Your radio is on the desk.

He’s sitting in the sun.

(3) between与among:between用来说明“在……两者之间”或“三个以上人或事物中的每两者之间的相互关系”;among用来说明“在……三者以上之间”的相互关系;among可以用来表示没有确定数目的物体之间的相互关系。

如:There is a small river between the two villages.

The book is the best among these modern novels.

The relations between various countries are very important.


3.表示原因的介词

(1) for常常表示褒贬、奖惩的原因或心理原因。

如:They will reward you for your help.

(2) from和out of常常表示动机或原因;through表示消极或间接的原因。

如:He feels weak from lack of sleep.

He broke down through overwork.


4.表示目的的介词

for和to都可以引导目的地。for表示拟定的接收人或目的,for跟在含有出发或开始意义的动词后,如:leave, set out, start, depart, sail等;to表示实际的接收人或目的,to跟在含有方向性的动词后。

如:go, come, run, walk, move, fly, drive, ride等。

如:We have left for Hong Kong.

He flew to America via Hong Kong.


5.表示“关于……”的介词

一般about用于比较随便的谈话或非正式的文体;on用于正式的讲话、著作或报告中;of用于动词talk, read, know, hear等的后面。

如:What are you talking about?in terms of natural resources


6.表示原料的介词

of和out of表示制成品的材料仍保持原材料的性质;from表示制成品已失去了原材料的性质。

如:His house was built of brick.

He made these toys out of old cigar-boxes.

Steel is made from iron.


7.表示价格的介词

at和for都可表示价格,at仅表示价格;for还表示“交换”。

如:Eggs are sold at 95 cents a dozen here.

I bought it for five pounds.


介词短语的句法功能

1. 表语

He was with a friend. 他和一个朋友在一起。

Health is above wealth. 健康胜过财富。

This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。

注:有些介词(如because of)引出的短语通常只用作状语,不用作表语:

误:His absence is because of the rain.

正:His absence is due to the rain. 他因雨未来。

但是,若主语是代词(不是名词),because of 引出的短语可用作表语:

It is because of hard work. 那是因为辛苦工作的原因。


2. 状语

Don’t touch it with your hands. 别用手去摸它。

Did you do this by design or by accident? 你这样做是有意的还是无意的?


3. 定语

This is his reply to your letter. 这是他给你的回信。

This is the best way of doing it. 这是做此事最好的方法。

My love for you is deeper than the sea. 我对你的爱比海深。


4. 宾语补足语


I found everything in good condition. 我发现一切正常。

Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 她因生病在床上躺了一星期。

注:用作宾语补足语的介词短语在相应的被动语态中则为主语补足语:

He was regarded as a hero. 他被看成是英雄。


5. 宾语

A man stepped out from behind the wall. 一个人从墙后走出来。

He cannot spare any time except on Sunday. 除星期日外,他抽不出时间。

I won’t go home until after the exam. 我要等考完后再回家。


6. 主语

Between 6 and 7 suits me. 六点到七点对我比较适合。

After the exams is the time to relax. 考试后是轻松一下的时间。

注:介词短语通常不用作主语,尽管有时也像上面这样用作主语,但通常可视为是在一定的上下文中有所省略:

“When are we going to have the next meeting?” “On Tuesday may be convenient.” “我们下次什么时候见面?”“星期二可能比较方便。”

此句中on Tuesday 虽用作主语,但可视为是其前省略了meeting一词,即:

Meeting during the vacation may be convenient.


常用介词的用法比较

表示时间的介词

(1)at:用于表示时刻,时间的某一点,年龄,就餐时间 

at noon在午时  at night在夜间    at present目前


(2)on:用于星期几,某天,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时,一律用,也可以说是上午、下午、晚上有修饰的一律用ON),特定的时间、含day的节日

on Sunday 在星期天    

on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午  

on March 8  在3月8日


(3)in:用于表示周、月、季节、年、泛指上午、下午、晚上。

in 1999  在1999年      in November  在11月份

in summer    在夏季      in the afternoon在下午

in + 时间段:过……后(内),用于将来时

I think he will be back in an hour.

我想他一小时后就会回来。

I heard that she would be back in a month.我听说她一个月后回来的。


(4)after:在……之后

after that ,no one should ever kill a seagull .

从那时起,任何人不得捕杀海鸥。

after + 时间段:在……之后,用于过去时。


(5)before:在……之前

Wei hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning .

今天早晨,魏华在7点之前起床了。

He won’t come back before five.


(6)by:到……为止,截止(到)……

By the time i arrived ,she had already gone .

在我到达之前,她已经走了。

The work must be finished by Friday.

We had three meetings by last Friday.


(7)for:达……之久(表示过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时,过去时,将来时连用,但是经常和完成时连用。


Florence often worked for twenty-four hours without rest .弗洛沦斯常常工作24小时而不休息。


(8)since:自……以来(表示从以前某时直到现在仍在继续)

Since + 时间段 + ago

Since + 时间点

Since + 一般过去时的句子

Since that time ,my eyes had never been very good.

从那时起,我的眼睛一直不是很好。


(9)during:在……期间

During the lifetime of one man , north America and Europe  will more further apart by nearly two meters .


在一个人的一生期间,北美洲和欧洲由于漂移,其间的距离将要增加差不多两米。


(10)through:一直……(从开始到结束)

He ,who led the united states through these years ,was shot on April 14, 1865 ,at a theater in Washington 

领导美国度过了这些年代的他,于1865年4月14日在美国华盛顿一家戏院里被人枪杀。


(11)from:从……起(时间)

the workers were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening .工人们被迫从早7点工作到晚7点。

From…to…:从一点时间到另一点时间。


(12)within:不……超过的范围

he will arrive within an hour .他一小时内就人到。


(13)until/till: 用于某动作或状态延续到某一时间终止。Until可用于句首,而till不用于句首。不可延续则用not…until

Alice didn’t go to bed until 11 p.m. last night.

Wait here until the rain stops.

Don’t get off the bus until it stops.


表示地点的介词


(1)at:在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)

at school上学    at home在家  

at 320 Xinfu district 在新抚区320号  

at the station 在火车站  


(2)in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)

she will arrive in shanghai at ten .10点她将到达上海。


(3)表示地点方向的on ,under ,over ,above ,below

①on:在……上面,有接触面

  on the table 在桌子上面

②above:在……上方

sometimes Juliana could hear planes above the trees.

有时朱莉安娜能听到树林上空的飞机声。

③over:在……正上方,是under的反义词

over these tombs ,they built pyramids .在这些坟墓上,他们建起了金字塔。

④under:在……下面,在……之内

the twin sisters put the basket under the tree .这姐俩把篮子放到了树下。

⑤below:在……下方,(不一定是正下方)

three thousand meters below her ,she could see nothing except the thick jungle .

3000米以下,除了茂密的丛林之外,她什么也看不见。


(4)near ,by

①near:近的,不远的(=not far)是far的反义词,near还可以指时间,in the near future在不远的将来。

Green’s lake was a small lake near his home .格林湖是他家附近的一个小湖。

②by:在……旁边,比near的距离要近

Juliana walked by the side of the river for six more long days .朱莉安娜沿着河岸又走了足足6天。


(5)between ,among ,around

①between:在两者之间

The differences between American English and British English are not very great .美国英语和英国英语之间的差别不是很大。

②among:在三者或者更多的之中

there are some American students among us .在我们中间有几个美国学校。

③around:环绕,在…..的周围,在……的四周

they arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it .他们到达了四周有高山环绕的山谷


(6)in front of ,behind(互为反义词)

①in front of :在……的前面

there is a car in front of the house .房子前面有一辆小汽车。

②behind :在…..后边

are there any cows behind the house ?房子后面有一些牛吗?


(7)in ,into ,out of 

①in:在…..之内,用于表示静止的位置 

  there are four girls in the room.房间里有4个女孩。

②into:进入,用于表示有特定终点的运动方向,通常用于表示动作的动作之后。如:come ,go ,walk ,jump ,run..

she took me from the hall into my classroom .她把我从门厅带进我的教室里边去。


(8)along ,across ,through

①along:沿着

go along Zhongshan road and turn right at the second crossing .

  沿着中山路走然后在第二个十这路口向右拐。

②across:横过(平面物体)

very slowly,the continents are moving across the face of the world .各个洲在地球表面缓缓漂移。

③through:贯通,通过

the students walked through the gate with uncle Wang .

学生们随着王叔叔通过大门。


(9)to ,for ,from

①to:到达……地点(目的地)或方向

where’s jack? he has gone to London.杰克上哪了?他去伦敦了。

②for:表示目的,为了……

do you know what he comes here for ? 你知道他为什么来这儿吗?

③from:从……地点起

how far is it from London to new york?  从伦敦到纽约有多远?


介词的用法区别


⑴ 时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别:

表示时间时, in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后), on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某个时刻或者瞬间;

表示地点时, in表示在某个范围之内, on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触,at则表示在某个具体的场所或地点。

如:He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)

I usually get up at 7:00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七点钟起床)

His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼镜就架在他的鼻子上)

He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在电影院)


⑵ after与in表示时间的用法区别:

“after+(具体时刻/从句)”表示“在…时刻之后”常用于一般时态;“in+(一段时间)”表示“在(多久) 之后”,常用于将来时态。

如:He said that he would be here after 6:00.(他说他六点钟之后会来这儿)

My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父亲大约一个月以后从英国回来)


⑶ since与for表示时间的用法区别:

“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,“for +(一段时间)”表示“总共有…之久”,都常用于完成时态;

如:Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工厂工作了)

Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了30多年)


⑷ by、in与with表示方式的用法区别:

都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某个交通工具或“以……方式”,在被动句中可以表示动作的执行者;in表示“使用”某种语言/文字,with表示“使用”某个具体的工具、手段。

如:We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我们用眼睛看东西,用双脚走路)

Please write that article(文章) in English.(请你用英语写那篇文章)

Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.(我们打的去动物园吧。)

It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍写的)


⑸ about与on的用法区别:

都可以表示“有关…”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关…(专题/课程)”。

如:Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(汤姆要作一个美国历史的报告)

They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他们兴致勃勃地谈论着即将来到的野外旅游)


⑹ through与across、over的用法区别:

through指“穿过…(门洞/人群/树林)”; across和over可以指“跨越…(街道/河流)”,可互换,但是表示“翻过…”时只能用over. 

如:Just then a rat (鼠)ran across the road.(就在那时一只老鼠跑过路面)

There is a bridge across/over the river.(河上有座桥)

They climbed over the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.(他们翻过大山提前到达了那里)

The visitors went through a big gate into another park.(参观者们穿过一个大门来到另一个公园)


(7)as与like的区别:

两个词都表示“像……”,但是as译为“作为……”,表示的是职业、职务、作用等事实,而like译为“像……一样”,表示外表,不是事实。

如:Let me speak to you as a father.(我以父亲的身份和你讲话。)(说话者是听者的父亲)

Let me speak to you like a father.(让我像一位父亲一样和你讲话)(说话者不是听者的父亲)


(8)at the end of、by the end of、to the end、in the end的用法区别:

at the end of…既可以表示时间也可以表示地点,译为“在…末;在…尽头”,常与过去时连用;

by the end of…只能表示时间,译为“在…前;到…为止”,常用于过去完成时;

in the end与at last基本等义,表示“终于、最后”,通常用于过去时;

to the end译为“到…的终点为止”,前面往往有表示运动或连续性的动词。

如:By the end of last term we had learned 16 units of Book III.(到上学期期末我们已经学习了第三册16个单元)

At the end of the road you can find a big white house with brown windows.(在路的尽头你能找到一幢有棕色窗户的白房子)

They left for Beijing at the end of last week.(上周末他们动身去了北京)

In the end he succeeded in the final exams.(他最终在期末考试中考及格了)

We should go on with the work to the end.(我们应该把工作干到底)

Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office.(沿这条路走到底就能看见一家邮电局)


(9)for a moment、for the moment、in a moment、at the moment的区别:

for a moment“一会儿、片刻”(=for a while),常与持续性动词连用;

for the moment“暂时、目前”,常用于现在时;in a moment“一会儿、立即、马上”(=soon; in a few minutes),一般用于将来时;

at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于现在进行时。

如:Please wait for a moment.(请稍等)

Let’s leave things as they are for the moment.(暂时就维持现状吧!)

I’ll come back in a moment.(我过会儿回来)

I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)


(10)but的问题:

用介词but引出另一个动词时,要注意:如果前面有do,后面就用原形动词,前面没有do时,后面的动词要加to。

如:I could do nothing but wait.(我什么也做不了只能等) 

They had no choice but to fight.(他们没有选择只有战斗)


(11) except,except for,besides,other than,apart from的区别

1.except和besides都可解作“除……之外”,但含义不同,except表示“从所提到的人或事物中除去,即从整体中除去一部分”,表示递减的概念,含义是否定的。besides表示“除了……之外,还有……”,指“在整体中加入一部分”,表示递加的概念,含义是肯定的。

试比较:

①We all went except him.

除他之外,我们都去了.(他没有去)

②We all went besides him.

除他之外,我们大家也都去了.(他也去了)

(1)besides常与other/more/else等词连用,except常与all/every/everyone/none/nobody/everything/nothing等总括词连用。

e.g. He had other people to take care of besides me.

All the students in Class One went to the cinema except Li Ping.

(2)若句中没有实义动词do的某种形式,except后接动词不定式,要加上to,而besides后接动词的-ing形式.

Had no choice except to obey/besides obeying his order.

(3)若句中有实义动词do的某种形式,二者后面都可以接动词原形。

She has nothing to do except/besides go with him.

(4)二者后面都可以接从句.

①Besides that he explained the theory he gave us some examples.

②He is a good student except that he sometimes comes late to school.

(5)except后面可接for(构成短语except for)或其他介词短语,而besides不能。

except for主要有三层含义:

①表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定起部分修正主要意思的作用.

Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.

②表示非同类事物进行比较.

The street is empty except for several cars.

③置于句首,表达except的含义.

Except for this,everything is in order.

except for后接名(代)词,可以转移为except+从句或其他介词短语.

The climate here is good except for some rainy days.(except when it rains;except that it sometimes rains;except on the rainy days)

注意:二者用于否定句时含义相同,意思是一样的.

He did nothing besides (=except) this.

除这件事外,他什么事也没做.

2.apart from兼有besides和except for两种含义,后接名词、代词或动名词.

3.but含义与except相同,都表示递减的概念,二者在多数情况下可以互换,但用法稍有区别。

①except可以代替but,但but并不一定都可以代替except。如果句中有no、all、nobody、who、where等不定代词或疑问词时,多用but,后跟宾语从句时,多用except.

②but for含义有时与except for相同,但主要表示“要不是……”,常用于虚拟句,表示一种假设.

③but位置的变化会引起人称代词主、宾格的变化.

No one but I (=except me) knows it.

No one knows it but me (=except me).

4.other than含义与except/but相同,都表示从总体中除去一部分,后接名词、代词或不定式.

In that case,there is nothing you can do other than wait.(2001年上海春季高考题)


常用介词的用法比较练习题

1.I know nothing about the young lady___she is from Beijing.(2000年上海高考题)

A.except B.except for

C.except that D.besides

2.The suit fitted him well___the colour was a little brighter.(2000年上海春季高考题)

A.except for B.except that

C.except when D.besides

3.He did have nothing to eat but_____.

A.to steal some food from the shop

B.to rob some food of the shop

C.steal some food from the shop 

D.rob some food of the shop

4.Jane was quite alone in the world____an aunt in Brazil.

A.except B.except for

C.besides D.instead of 

5.____being a little largethe hat looks nice.

A.Apart from B.Except

C.But D.Besides for

6.In no country___Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

A.other than B.anything that

C.more than D.rather than

7.He gets up early every day___Sunday.

A.besides B.except for

C.except that D.except

8.We need fifteen more people______our team to do the job.

A.besides B.except for

C.except that D.except


Key:1.C 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 

6.A 7.D 8.A(山东省沂南一中 魏作雷 李瑞云)


介词的固定搭配

above all 首先;尤其是

after all 毕竟,终究

ahead of 在...之前

ahead of time 提前;提早

all at once 突然;同时,一起

all but 几乎,差一点

all of a sudden 突然地,出乎意料地

all over 到处,遍及;浑身;全部结束

all over again 再一次,重新

all the same 仍然,照样地

all the time 一直,始终

and so on/forth 诸如此类,等等

anything but 根本不,决不

apart from 远离,除…之外;且不说;缺少

as a matter of fact 事实上,其实

as a result 因此,作为结果

as a result of 因此,由于;作为…的结果

as a rule 通常,一般说来

as for/to 至于,关于

as usual 像往常一样;照例


aside from 除了...以外(尚有)

at a loss 亏本地;困惑不解

at all costs 无论如何,不惜任何代价

at all events 无论如何,不管怎样

at any rate 无论如何;至少

at best 充其量,至多

at first 起先,首先;最初

at first sight 乍一看;初看之下

at hand 在手边;即将到来

at heart 本质上,内心里

at intervals 不时;每隔...时间/距离

at large 详尽的;未被捕的,整个的

at last 终于

at least 至少,无论如何

at length 最后,终于;详细地

at most 至多,不超过

at no time 从不,决不

at once 立刻,马上;同时,一起

at one time 曾经,一度;同时

at present 现在,目莂


at sb.'s disposal 由某人支配,由某人使用;由某人做主

at the cost of 以…为代价

at the same time 同时;然而

at this rate 这样的话,照这样下去

at times 有时;偶尔

back and forth 反复地,来回地

because of 因为,由于

before long 不久(以后)

beside the point 离题,不中肯,不相干的

beyond question 毫无疑问,确定无疑

by accident 偶然;意外地

by air 乘飞机;通过航空途径

by all means 一定,务必;尽一切办法

by chance 偶然;意外地

by means of 用,依靠

by mistake 错误地,无意中(做了某件错事)

by no means 决不,并没有

by reason of 由于;因为

by the way 顺便说说,顺便问一下;在途中

by/in virtue of 依靠...(的力量);由于


by way of 通过...方法/形式;经过,经由

for ever 永远;永久地

for good 永久地;一劳永逸地

for instance 例如,比如

for the better 好转,向好的方向发展

for the moment/present 暂时;目前

for the sake of 为了,为了...的利益

for the time being 暂时;眼下

from time to time 有时;不时

from now on 今后,从今以后

in a hurry 匆忙;很快地;急于

in a moment 立即,马上

in a sense 从某种意义上说

in a/one way 从某一点上看,在某种程度上

in a/one word 简言之,总之,一句话

in accordance with 与...一致;按照,依据

in addition 另外,加之

in addition to 除...之外(还)

in advance 预先,事先

in all 总共,合计


in any case 无论如何,总之

in brief 简言之;以简洁的形式

in case of 万一;如果发生;假设

in charge of 主管,负责

in common 共用的,共有的

in consequence of 由于…的缘故

in debt 欠债,欠情

in detail 详细地

in difficulty 处境困难

in effect 实际上;事实上

in favor of 有利于;支持;赞同

in future 今后,从今以后

in general 总之,通常;一般而言

in hand 在手头;在进行中;在控制中

in honour of 为纪念;为庆祝

in itself 以其本身而言,本质上

in line with 跟...一致,符合

in memory of 以纪念...,为了纪念...

in no case 决不,无论如何不

in on way 一点也不;决不


in order to 为了...,以...为目的

in other words 也就是说,换句话说

in part 在某种程度上;部分地

in particular 特别地;尤其

in place 在合适的位置;适当的,相称的

in place of 代替,取代,交换

in practice 在实践中;在不断练习中

in proportion to 与...成比例;与...相称

in quantity (=in large quantities)大量

in question 正被谈论的

in relation to 关于,涉及,有关;与...相比

in return 作为报答;作为回报

in return for 作为...的交换;作为...的报答

in short 总之,简言之

in sight of 被见到,看得见;在望,在即

in spite of 尽管;不管,不顾

in step 步调一致地;合拍

in step with 与...合步调,与...步调一致

in tears 流着泪;含着泪;哭着

in the course of 在...期间,在...过程中


in the distance 在远处

in the end 最后,终于

in the event of 如果...发生,万一

in the face of 面对;即使;在...前面

in the first place 首先,第一点

in the future 将来

in the least 一点儿,丝毫

in the light of 鉴于,由于;按照,根据

in the way 挡道的,妨碍人的,使人不便的

in the world 到底,究竟

in time 及时,最后,终于

in touch 联系,接触;有...的附近

in touch with 与...有联系,有...的消息

in turn 依次,轮流;反过来

in vain 徒劳,白辛苦;不尊敬地

instead of 代替,而不是...

more or less 或多或少,左右,有点儿

no doubt 无疑地

no longer 不再

no more 不再;不再存在;也不


now and then 时而,不时,偶尔

of course 当然,自然

on and off 有时;断断续续地;间歇地

off duty 下班

on a large scale 大规模地

on a small scale 小规模地

on account of 因为;由于

on the average 平均而言,通常

on behalf of 代表...为了...

on board 在船(或车、飞机)上

on business 因事,因公

on condition that 如果...,在...条件下

on duty 值班,当班

on earth 究竟;到底;在世界上

on fire 起火,着火

on foot 步行;在进行中

on guard 站岗,值班

on hand 现有,在手头;在场,到场

on occasions 间或,有时

on one's guard 警惕,提防


on one's own 独自地;独立地

on purpose 有意,故意地

on sale 出售;上市;廉价出售

on schedule 按时间表;准时

on second thoughts 进一步考虑后,继而一想

on the contrary 正相反

on the guounds of 以...为理由,根据

on the one hand 一方面

on the other hand 另一方面

on/upon the point of 即将...之时,正要...的时候

on the road 在旅途中,(to)在...过程中

on the side 作为兼职;另外

on/upon the spot 立场,立即;在现场

on the whole 总的看来,大体上

once for all 一劳永逸地,永远地

once in a while 偶尔,间或

once more/again 再一次

once upon a time (常用于故事开头)从前

out of breath 上气不接下气

out of control 失去控制


out of date 过时的;废弃的

out of order 不整齐;(工作)不正常的,出故障的

out of place 不在合适的位置;不恰当的

out of practice 荒疏;久不练习

out of sight 看不见,在视程之外

out of the question 办不到的,不可能的;不必谈的

out of touch (with) 与...失去联系,没有...的消息

over and over (again) 反复,再三

so as to 为的是,结果使...,以致

so ... as to 如此...以致

so far 迄今为止;就此说来

so/as far as ... be concerned 就...而言

sooner or later 迟早,早晚

thanks to 幸亏;由于

to the point 切题,中肯,切中要害

under control 被控制住

under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下,(情况)既然如此

under way 在进行中;(船)在行进

up to 忙于,从事于;胜任,适于;直到

up/down date 现代化的,切合目前情况的,时新的


with/in regard to 关于,至于

with relation to 关于,涉及,有关;与...相比

with respect to 关于,至于

with the exception of 除...外,毫无疑问,毫无异议

within sight of 被见到,看得见;在望,在即

word for word 逐字,一字不变地


介词的省略的用法

1. 介词on的省略


表示星期、日期等的时间的介词on有时可省略:

I’ll arrive (on) Friday. 我将星期五到。

See you (on) June 21st. 6月21日见吧。


2. 介词for的省略


(1) 表示一段时间或距离前的介词有时可省略:

I lived there (for) ten years. 我在那儿住了10年。

They walked (for) fifty miles. 他们走了50英里。

但在否定句中或用于句首时,介词for通常不能省略:

For ten years he lived here. 他在这里住过10年。

We have not heard from him for a long time. 我们很久没收到他的来信了。

另外,若所修饰的动词不是在整个时间范围内都自始自终延续,则for也不省略:

I taught her for three years. 我教过她三年。(其中的for不能省略)


(2) 某些结构中表示原因的介词for有时可以省略:

Pardon me (for) interrupting you. 请原谅我打断你的话。

We quite envy you (for) your success. 我们十分羡慕你的成功。

Please forgive me (for) my fault. 请原谅我的过错。


3. 介词at的省略


what time前的介词at通常可以省略:

What time did he leave here? 他是什么时候离开这儿的?

另外,在“about [around]+时间名词”前的介词at也通常省略:

He arrived (at) about ten o’clock. 他大约(在)10点钟到的。

at home 这一短语中的介词at在美国英语中通常省略:

Let’s stay (at) home this evening. 今晚我们就呆在家里吧。


4. 介词of的省略


all of, both of, half of 用于带限定词(如my, the, these等)的名词前时,其中的介词of通常可以省略:

All (of) the students have passed the exam. 所有的学生都考及格了。

Both (of) my parents are interested in history. 我的父母都对历史感兴趣。

Half (of) the milk had been drunk. 有一半牛奶已被喝了。

【注】若用于人称代词前,则其中的of不可省略:

All (Both, Half) of us wanted to leave. 我们大家(俩,有一半人)都想走。


5. 介词from的省略


在 prevent [stop]…from doing sth(阻止…发生),save…(from) doing sth(免去…做某事)等结构中的介词from通常可以省略:

The heavy rain prevented him (from) coming. 大雨使他不能来。

If I can stop them (from) going there, I’ll do it. 要是我能够阻止他们去那里,我会这样做的。

If you do it tonight, it will save you (from) having to get up early. 你如果今晚做这事,明天早上你就不必早起了。

【注】在被动语态中from通常不宜省略。另外,在表示类似含义的prohibit…from doing sth 中的from习惯上不省略,而在与此同义的keep…from doing sth中,from则绝不可省略,否则含义不同:

He kept me from working. 他不让我工作。

He kept me working. 他要我不停地工作。


6. 连接代词和副词前介词的省略


在tell, ask, depend, look, certain, clear, sure, idea, decide 等常用词后面,who, which, what, where, whether, how 等引导的从句前面的介词通常可以省略:

Have you any idea (of) when he will come? 你知道他什么时候来吗?

I’m not certain (of) what I’m supposed to do. 我不肯定我应该做什么。

It depends (on) whether you can afford it. 这要看你是否买得起。

Tell me (about) what he said to you. 告诉我他给你讲了些什么。

若以上从句被简化为“疑问词+不定式”,其前的介词也可省略:

I’m not quite clear (about) what to do. 我不很确定要做什么。

【注】除以上提到的少数情形外,在其他情况下则通常不宜随便省略:

We’re worried about where he is. 我们担心他上什么地方去了。(about不能省)


7. 介词in的省略


(1) 在 in this way, in that way, in the same way, in another way 等表达中的介词in 通常可以省略:

Do it (in) this way. 这样做。

Let me put it (in) another way. 让我用另一种方式解释。

(2) 许多动名词前的介词in可以省略:

Be careful (in) crossing the street. 过街道要小心。

He lost no time (in) answering the question. 他马上就回答了那个问题。

但若介词 in 出现在句首,则通常不宜省略(www.yygrammar.com):

In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。

在这类用法中要特别注意一些常用句型:

be busy (in) doing sth 忙于做某事          

be late (in) doing sth 做某事做晚了或做迟了

spend money [time] (in) doing sth 花钱(时间)做某事

waste money [time] (in) doing sth 浪费钱(时间)做某事

have luck (in) doing sth 做某事时有运气(走运)

have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难

have trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难

have bother (in) doing sth 做某事费劲

have a problem (in) doing sth做某事有困难

have a good time (in) doing sth 做某事很开心

have a hard time (in) doing sth 做某事很辛苦

find difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事发现有困难

There is no difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事没有困难

There is no use (in) doing sth 做某事没有用

There is no point (in) doing sth 做某事没有意义


综合自:

https://m.yixuela.com/article/103

https://m.yixuela.com/article/102

https://m.yixuela.com/article/101

https://m.yixuela.com/article/100

https://m.yixuela.com/article/99

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